![]() We take a single sample of students and give them questions from each major exam around the world. ![]() In a new CGD working paper, we propose a very simple strategy to overcome this problem, and to build a “Rosetta Stone” for test scores. Data from the World Bank's Education Statistics. Panel 1a shows countries which participated in the fourth-grade Trends in International Mathematics and Science (TIMSS) and Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) in 2011, and panel 1b shows countries which participated in Analysis Program of the CONFEMEN Education Systems (PASEC) in 2014, Latin American Laboratory for Assessment of the Quality of Education (LLECE) in 2013, and the Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality (SACMEQ) in 2007. Note: Figure 1 maps the coverage of some of the world's largest standardized tests. Rich countries take international assessments, poorer countries don’t At best, they take regional tests that aren’t comparable across regions or to the international scales.įigure 1. Richer countries often participate in “international” learning assessments, like PIRLS (for reading) or TIMSS (for science and math). The basic impediment to comparing learning levels around the world is that students in, say, Peru, Niger, and Italy never take the same test. While statistics on school enrollment are easy to come by, globally comparable measures of learning outcomes don’t really exist. In unequal countries, the affluent are more likely to send their kids to private schools, creating a bigger gap in performance between private and public schools.Īcross the global income distribution, girls (who are enrolled in school) outperform boys on reading tests, but this advantage disappears in mathematics except among the world’s poorest.įor as much time as economists spend worrying about these causes and consequences of international differences in human capital, data to make such international comparisons is surprisingly scarce. Private schools may explain some of this pattern. Inequality perpetuates itself through education: highly unequal countries have a significantly tighter relationship between parental wealth and children’s test scores. Poor countries lag further behind than previous studies have found. Richer countries produce higher scores, even controlling for household earnings. ![]() The country you live in, more than your income per se, strongly predicts your children’s test scores. How much do educational outcomes around the world depend on where you were born? How about your place in the local or global income distribution? Your gender? Or whether you attend a public or private school? ![]()
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